Spreadsheet-based process models have been set up to estimate and analyze the factors affecting the cost of manufacturing, the energy demand, and the environmental impact. In this paper, the production of LMO cathode material for use in lithium-ion batteries is studied. Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) is one of the important cathode active materials used in lithium ion batteries of several electric vehicles. It also shows that as cell design changes, the approach to recycling can become more efficient. It highlights not only Green aspects of elemental recovery, but also technoeconomic features which may govern the appropriate direction for recycling. This critical review investigates the issues of lithium ion battery recycling and discusses the aspects of pack, module and cell design that can simplify battery dismantling and recycling. The scale of the projected electric vehicle market means that a circular economy more » model needs to be established while the scale of end-of-life product is still manageable to prevent a build-up of hazardous waste. Decarbonisation of energy production necessitates a proliferation of efficient electrical storage and a significant proportion of this, particularly in automotive propulsion, will use lithium ion batteries. While this review is aimed specifically at one technological product, it contains facets that are applicable to the recycling of any complex product. There is a growing school of thought that suggests product design should be an important step in the recycling process. Recycling is always seen as an end-of-pipe process returning as much material as possible into a circular economy. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States) Sponsoring Org.: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V) OSTI Identifier: 1560039 Alternate Identifier(s): OSTI ID: 1525537 Grant/Contract Number: AC02-06CH11357 AC02‐06CH11357 Resource Type: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Additional Journal Information: Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 27 Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832 Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION 25 ENERGY STORAGE commercialization Li-ion batteries anodes cathodes electric = , Publication Date: Research Org.: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States) Stanford Univ., CA (United States) Additionally, new technologies of promising battery chemistries are comprehensively evaluated for their potential to satisfy the targets of future electric vehicles. The advances and challenges in the lithium-ion battery economy from the material design to the cell and the battery packs fitting the rapid developing automotive market are discussed in detail. The performance, production, and cost are included. In this review, the authors survey the state-of-the-art active electrode materials and cell chemistries for automotive batteries. Although widely adopted in the vehicle market, lithium-ion batteries still require further development to sustain their dominating roles among competitors. The next wave of consumer electric vehicles is just around the corner. We present that the currently commercialized lithium-ion batteries have allowed for the creation of practical electric vehicles, simultaneously satisfying many stringent milestones in energy density, lifetime, safety, power, and cost requirements of the electric vehicle economy.